Eggshell thinning and decreased adult weight were observed at 240mg a.i./kg diet. Please consult your provincial department of agriculture for complete rules and regulations on the use of restricted use pesticides, as some products require specific record-keeping requirements. startxref [FR Doc. Hahn, Jeffrey; Herms, Daniel A.; McCullough, Deborah G. (February 2011). ;0Qo"=9kZw .jPhCWj li{margin-bottom:16px;}/*!sc*/ data-styled.g157[id="sc-3f34sv-19"]{content:"ea-dNee,"}/*!sc*/ The metabolic ability of Sphingomonas to imidacloprid was examined by HPLC, and samples were collected on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 to analyze the concentration of imidacloprid and its metabolites. 4 INSECTICIDE Interest rates and fees will vary depending on your individual situation. CRIF/CHE-0840277). Minimize your exposure to pesticides. @media (min-width:0px) and (max-width:599.95px){.kYTFXd{-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}}/*!sc*/ FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal Notices. Bayer Advanced 12 Month Tree & Shrub Protect & Feed Ready-to-Use Granules II [18], Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide, belonging to the class of chloronicotinyl neonicotinoid insecticides. It is rated as an "unlikely" carcinogen and as weakly mutagenic by the U.S. EPA (group E). endstream endobj startxref HWko6_/aRDR$(CbHNsI=Av,qRo'?n/.\'EY). 50j+{)N0_k]"d+mmd3]U6Q;6U.OXN|W;M{NVK3J_&_L32)R9T gs7 :%~/d)h!(_d,'_/F|}N7 =,zFt_D'n,pO0\FNN7 J1[EyV69ErW%D2`6Pk@i4U2~7DspexYW+qRJrP" IK^NRm_837jn#|{i;YTV wm!ywU^Tqfoyasf(Y;a Eucalyptus Redgum Lerp Psyllid INSECTICIDE %PDF-1.6 % The detections have generally occurred in areas with porous rocky or sandy soils with little organic matter, where the risk of leaching is high and/or where the water table was close to the surface. The distribution, sale and use of an unregistered pesticide is a violation of federal and/or state law and is strictly prohibited. Nondiscrimination Statement. Box 64589 St. Paul, MN j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'? 0000007641 00000 n Health Canada received over 46,000 comments from the public, pesticide registrants, non-governmental organizations and provinces during the consultation process for imidacloprid. aphids If no example products are listed, endstream endobj 18 0 obj <>stream This product contains a Group 4A insecticide. The end product of photodegradation is 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CNA) and ultimately carbon dioxide. .kkdJfr{color:#3BAE49;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:32px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.15px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.15px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.15px;letter-spacing:0.15px;}/*!sc*/ Read the label to determine if the product is registered for your use. 0000001016 00000 n It is not listed for reproductive or developmental toxicity, but is listed on EPA's Tier 1 Screening Order for chemicals to be tested under the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP). The availability of imidacloprid and its favorable toxicity package as compared to other insecticides on the market in the 1990s allowed the EPA to replace more toxic insecticides including the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, the organophosphorus compounds, and methylcarbamates. 0000001362 00000 n Imidacloprid applied as a soil treatment can move up into flowers to injure or kill bees, other pollinators and beneficial insects. SAFETY DATA SHEET ADVISE FOUR INSECTICIDE Drenching soil beneath infested plants is probably the best method when treating hedges, shrubs, or clumped groups of plants. use. Advise Four | Winfield United | Agworld DBX | Greenbook 202308445 Filed 42023; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 656050P FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings FEDERAL REGISTER CITATION OF PREVIOUS ANNOUNCEMENT: 88 FR 21190. Federal Register/ Vol. 88, No. 77 / Friday, April 21, 2023 / Shake well before using. 995 0 obj<>stream 0000058799 00000 n Notes: Soil-applied imidacloprid can move into nectar, so don't apply prior to bloom. An institution without walls, we draw spirit from our cities and their famous cultural institutions and professional opportunities. It was slightly toxic in a 5-day dietary study with an acute oral LC50 of 1,420mg a.i./kg diet, a NOAEC of < 69mg a.i./kg diet, and a LOAEC = 69mg a.i./kg diet. @media (max-width:839.95px){.iQOvKX{padding-top:40px;}}/*!sc*/ However, in a survey of groundwater in areas of the United States which had been treated with imidacloprid for the emerald ash borer, imidacloprid was usually not detected. 45 0 obj <>stream Advise 477 0 obj <> endobj %%EOF 516 0 obj<>stream 0000065765 00000 n United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Pesticide Information Profiles: Imidacloprid Breaz", "Imidacloprid: Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment. data-styled.g153[id="sc-3f34sv-15"]{content:"hnsngs,"}/*!sc*/ Following the report, EU member states voted to restrict the use of the three main neonics, including imidacloprid, for seed treatment, soil application (granules) and foliar treatment in crops attractive to bees. %PDF-1.4 % In this study, we used feeding methods to simulate in-hive exposures of formulated imidacloprid Avoid [citation needed] In 1999, the French Minister of Agriculture suspended the use of imidacloprid on sunflower seeds and appointed a team of expert scientists to examine the impact of imidacloprid on bees. (Moderate) III-Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; The contact acute LD50 is 0.024g active ingredient per bee. This provides a pathway to minimize exposure and harm to other organisms, as well as delay the onset of the development of resistance by mosquitoes, an urgency where malaria is endemic.. data-styled.g140[id="sc-3f34sv-2"]{content:"jPhCWj,"}/*!sc*/ Resistance in our thrips populations to imidacloprid is only going to allow more movement of thrips and more transmission of virus. It has a water solubility of .61 g/L, which is relatively high. In 2003, this panel issued a report which concluded that imidacloprid posed a significant risk to bees. hbbd```b``"h 1. Imidacloprid, the worlds leading insecticide, has been approved recently for controlling infectious disease vectors; yet, in agricultural settings, it has been implicated in the frightening decline of pollinators. [12] However, use from 2015 to 2019 dropped following concerns about the effect of neonicotinoid chemicals on pollinating insects. Contains 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one at 0.1% or 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one at 0.0017% and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one at 0.0006% as Imidacloprid has been shown to increase the rate of photosynthesis in upland cotton temperatures above 36 degrees Celsius. .boxOlM{margin-right:8px;}/*!sc*/ Imidacloprid [10][19] 6-Chloronicotinic acid is recently shown to be mineralized via a nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) pathway in a soil bacterium. [6][2][7] Imidacloprid is widely used for pest control in agriculture. AGRICULTURAL SUSPENSION ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Imidacloprid .. 240 g/L . NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: No specific antidote is available. Cumulative feet is the sum of the heights of all plants to be treated. 0000013945 00000 n Low- to mid-dose oral exposures have been associated with reproductive toxicity, developmental retardation and neurobehavioral deficits in rats and rabbits. .crXaKu:hover{color:#272727;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}/*!sc*/ data-styled.g145[id="sc-3f34sv-7"]{content:"ckdmvi,"}/*!sc*/ .frQtvr{font-style:inherit;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}/*!sc*/ If used, don't apply until after bloom has been completed. The sprout logo, Farmers Business Network, FBN, "Farmers First", FBN Direct , "F2F", and "F2F Genetics Network" are trademarks or registered trademarks of Farmer's Business Network, Inc. or its affiliates. [1], Imidacloprid is acutely toxic to honeybees: its LD50 ranges from 5 to 70 nanograms per bee. Re-evaluation Decision for Imidacloprid (Human Health and Environment All products and prices are subject to change at any time and without notice. PREVIOUSLY ANNOUNCED TIME AND DATE OF THE MEETING: Tuesday, WebGroup 4A Insecticide Active Ingredient Imidacloprid (4 lbs/gal) $356.00 ($89.00/gal) Discounts calculated in your cart and checkout Spend $20k by April 21 to get 10% off Exposed birds exhibited ataxia, wing drop, opisthotonos, immobility, hyperactivity, fluid-filled crops and intestines, and discolored livers. Resistance in our thrips populations to imidacloprid is only going to allow more movement of thrips and more transmission of virus. The authors concluded that "imidacloprid commonly moves offsite and contaminates surface waters at concentrations that could harm aquatic invertebrates". Director, Office of Pesticide Programs. For more information, .jRCRFP{background:#fafafa;}/*!sc*/ Hackberry Woolly Aphid Imidacloprid and Tomato Spotted Wilt Peanut Notes No. 47 2023 [40][41] The probable mechanism is that the mevalonate pathway is substantially downregulated by the chronic imidacloprid exposure, which can help to explain the imidacloprid impairment of the cognitive functions. Imidacloprid - Wikipedia Imidacloprid Across the peanut belt we consistently see less virus with these products. 5075 0 obj <> endobj [24] Major soil metabolites include imidacloprid nitrosimine, imidacloprid desnitro and imidacloprid urea, which ultimately degrade to 6-chloronicotinic acid, CO2, and bound residues. Given the widespread use of imidacloprid, we recognized the value in developing more active forms, which could be used in smaller amounts and hopefully spare pollinators, said Michael Ward, professor of chemistry at NYU and a study author. The concentrations used for feeding treatments were: Advise (imidacloprid) at 4.3 mg/L, Bracket (acephate) at 0.168 mg/L, Karate (-cyhalothrin) at 7.3 mg/L, Vydate data-styled.g150[id="sc-3f34sv-12"]{content:"crXaKu,"}/*!sc*/ The amount of pesticide to use according to certain labels is calculated based on the cumulative feet of plant height. [21][22], The main routes of dissipation of imidacloprid in the environment are aqueous photolysis (half-life = 14 hours) and plant uptake. Contact UC IPM, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Regents of the University of California--> 503 0 obj<<0263C93FC9C5A84DAE34A9B81013FECD>]/Info 476 0 R/Encrypt 478 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/W[1 2 1]/Index[477 40]/DecodeParms<>/Size 517/Prev 81050/Type/XRef>>stream [14][15], When used on trees, it can take 3060 days to reach the top (depending on the size and height) and enter the leaves in high enough quantities to be effective. 516 0 obj<>stream Imidacloprid .hjOYfG{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;}/*!sc*/ Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In addition to Ward, Kahr, and Zhu, the study authors include Chunhua T. Hu, Bryan Erriah, Leslie Vogt-Maranto, Jingxiang Yang, Yongfan Yang, Mengdi Qiu, Noalle Fellah, and Mark Tuckerman of NYUs Department of Chemistry. Be aware that imidacloprid applications have sometimes contributed to outbreaks of spider mites and certain other pests. Insecticides that act quickly are important for rapidly controlling mosquitoes before they reproduce or continue spreading diseases and can reduce the likelihood of the development of insecticide resistance. Wear eye protection, long pants, a .jRdntx{vertical-align:middle;}/*!sc*/ It use was granted to Hawaii (for the) use (of) this pesticide on bananas(,) and the States of Minnesota, Nebraska, and North Dakota to use (of) this pesticide on sunflower(s). All rights reserved. + 4 .crXaKu{color:#272727;word-break:break-word;}/*!sc*/ .bCbEHq > li{margin-bottom:16px;}/*!sc*/ FBN Direct products and services and other products distributed by FBN Direct are offered by FBN Inputs, LLC and are available only in states where FBN Inputs, LCC is licensed and where those products are registered for sale or use, if applicable. NYU chemists developed new crystal forms of imidaclopridone of the world's most widely used insecticidesin a effort to sharply reduce its environmental impact. It is sold under many names for many uses; it can be applied by soil injection, tree injection, application to the skin of the plant, broadcast foliar, ground application as a granular or liquid formulation, or as a pesticide-coated seed treatment. This Label Database does not replace the official manufacture issued label. product for a specific pest on a specific plant to be sure it can WebADMIRE 240 Flowable Systemic Insecticide . Weblabel carefully. By using modified forms of imidacloprid, we may have a sustainable strategy for improving the insecticides ability to control mosquito disease vectors while lessening the quantity needed, said Bart Kahr, a professor of chemistry at NYU who studies crystal growth, and who led this research. xref Feeding toxicity and impact of imidacloprid formulation and data-styled.g135[id="sc-jWActB"]{content:"iOGMak,eEqgDM,HVnYG,fazpse,hBoMKs,eTfbmM,iRkGmS,CbJmi,fpxdjl,eIoWRW,eXOAPE,fnKEhk,"}/*!sc*/ 0000048902 00000 n It is your responsibility to confirm prior to purchase and use that a product is labeled for your specific purposes, including, but not limited to, your target crop or pest and its compatibility with other products in a tank mix and that the usage of a product is otherwise consistent with federal, state and local laws. An Economic and Pest Management Evaluation of the This insecticide turns on an immune response to the virus. [2], Based on laboratory rat studies, imidacloprid is rated as "moderately toxic" on an acute oral basis to mammals and low toxicity on a dermal basis by the World Health Organization and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (class II or III, requiring a "Warning" or "Caution" label). The concentration of IMI decreased to a minimum, and the concentrations of 5-OH IMI and urea IMI increased to a maximum on day 8. The updated guidelines include a table showing the latest resistance status to the neonicotinoid insecticides. WebImidacloprid is a chloronicotinyl nitroguanidine insecticide that is generally used for pest control on crops, vegetables and fruits, termite control and flea control. The states of Maryland, Connecticut and Vermont also restrict use of neonicotinoid pesticides. Can the humanities help? Scales 0000000016 00000 n For uses in pest management, control of listed insects that may vector diseases and maintenance of plant health. Agworld DBX transforms product labelling into indexed, actionable data in an unbiased presentation that is easily accessible. Certain imidacloprid seed treatments were also temporarily banned in Italy, following preliminary monitoring studies that identified correlations between bee losses and the use of neonicotinoid pesticides. Mallard ducks are more resistant to the effects of imidacloprid with a 5-day dietary LC50 of > 4,797 ppm. .eLaVCi{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-bottom:16px;}/*!sc*/ vtvtvtoq^y9e"GQvTtT`+srmkW0+++++Bw================kr2} c[k\{-3~_88 ** Input financing is offered by FBN Finance, LLC and is available only where FBN Finance, LLC is licensed. .gayvvy p:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:18px;}/*!sc*/ We present a case of The chemical Avoid application to flowering plants that are visited by We reserve the right to restrict sales on a geographic basis in our sole discretion. Some insects may develop resistance to imidacloprid after repeated use. Bonide Systemic Rose & Flower Care 8-12-4 %PDF-1.6 % "[22] The EFSA also identified a number of gaps in the scientific evidence and were unable to finalize risk assessments for some uses authorized in the European Union (EU). Potential Hazard Rating: VL=Very low, L=Low, LM=Low to Moderate, M=Moderate, LH=Low to High, [19], Although imidacloprid breaks down rapidly in water in the presence of light, it remains persistent in water in the absence of light. Imidacloprid also exhibits excellent translaminar movement in plants and can penetrate the leaf cuticle and move readily into leaf tissue. 6| [19], In bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), imidacloprid was determined to be moderately toxic with an 14-day LD50 of 152mg a.i./kg. The effects may also depend on the health of a person and environmental factors. Spectracide Tree & Shrub Insect Spray Concentrate Bayer Advanced 2 in 1 Rose & Flower Care Ready-to-Use Granules II endstream endobj 11 0 obj <>>> endobj 12 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 13 0 obj <> endobj 14 0 obj <> endobj 15 0 obj <> endobj 16 0 obj <> endobj 17 0 obj <>stream Spectracide Grub Killer Concentrate 0000002409 00000 n data-styled.g142[id="sc-3f34sv-4"]{content:"dbLKAP,"}/*!sc*/ It works by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses in insects by binding irreversibly to specific insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Brain imaging failed to crack the code on mental illness. Agworld DBX empowers you with the right crop input label information for informed pest management & plant protection, powered by Greenbook. Although it is now off patent, the primary manufacturer of this chemical is Bayer CropScience (part of Bayer AG). Admire Pro Insecticide Labels & MSDS Copyright 2014 - 2023 Farmer's Business Network, Inc. All rights reserved. advise four insecticide . Imidacloprid data-styled.g137[id="sc-xxq7by-0"]{content:"gayvvy,"}/*!sc*/ : 228-528-1381 Product Type: Insecticide Company Name: Winfield Solutions, LLC P.O. On March 10, 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency approved the registration of imidacloprid. .hnsngs{width:343px;}/*!sc*/ Product Name: Advise Imidacloprid 2F Select T/I is not manufactured or distributed by Bayer Environmental Science, seller of Premise and As with any insecticide, the use of this product should conform to resistance management strategies established for the use area. be applied. [10][19], According to standards set by the environmental ministry of Canada, if used correctly (at recommended rates, without irrigation, and when heavy rainfall is not predicted), imidacloprid does not characteristically leach into the deeper soil layers despite its high water solubility (Rouchaud et al. In this report we evaluate the potential economic and pest management impacts of a ban on the agricultural use of imidacloprid in designated Ground Water Protection Areas (GWPAs) for four focal crop groups: citrus, cole crops Bayer Advanced All-in-One Rose & Flower Care Concentrate The use of IRAC Group 4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists (nAChR) has grown considerably since the introduction of the neonicotinoid insecticide Eucalyptus Tortoise Beetles Imidacloprid is more toxic to bees than the organophosphate dimethoate (oral LD50 152ng/bee) or the pyrethroid cypermethrin (oral LD50 160ng/bee). Professional use products are not included. 1994; Tomlin 2000; Krohn and Hellpointner 2002). 19% of the samples exceeded the EPA threshold for chronic toxicity for aquatic invertebrates of 1.05g/L. WebAdvise Four Snapshot ID: 62891 Active ingredients Imidacloprid Classification 4A Insecticide WSSA mode of action Nicotinic Acetylchloline receptor agonists/antagonists NYU chemists developed new crystal forms of imidacloprid in a effort to sharply reduce its environmental impact. Unfortunately, the extensive use of imidacloprid in agricultural settings has been strongly implicated in the decline of bee colonies, which is troubling given the importance of pollinators for crops and flowers. [52] Licensed dealers will be able to sell only to pesticide-licensed and certified individuals. 0000070978 00000 n We do not guarantee the accuracy of any information provided on this page or which is provided by us in any form. [FR Doc. 0 Unless otherwise noted, all content copyright New York University. Thimet/Phorate is the best endstream endobj Specifically, it causes a blockage of the nicotinergic neuronal pathway. INSECTICIDE Chan tested three insecticide treatments: the neonic imidacloprid applied to soil at planting time; the neonic thiamethoxam applied as a seed treatment; and an While imidacloprid is used for control of the brown planthopper and other rice pests, there is evidence that imidacloprid actually increases the susceptibility of the rice plant to planthopper infestation and attacks. As compared to Imidacloprid 4.00 Value Pick, Admire Pro or Alias 4F, Estimated delivery to choose your location by: N/A, * Update your zip code to get an estimate. Avocado Lace Bug Subscribe to the IRAC eConnection to receive our latest news in your inbox. [22] Chronic risk has not been well established. Other uses include application to foundations to prevent termite damage, pest control for gardens and turf, treatment of domestic pets to control fleas,[2] protection of trees from boring insects,[8] and in preservative treatment of some types of lumber products.[9]. [26], Based on its high water solubility (0.5-0.6 g/L) and persistence, both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Pest Management Regulatory Agency in Canada consider imidacloprid to have a high potential to run off into surface water and to leach into ground water and thus warn not to apply it in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow. [44][45], Imidacloprid has been shown to turn off some genes that some rice varieties use to produce defensive chemicals. See EPA's PDF page to Always make sure that all the spray equipment is in good condition and that there is no blocking of nozzles or filters as this results in incorrect rates. endstream endobj 875 0 obj<. Contains imidacloprid, the active ingredient in Admire Pro Systemic Protectant. Aphids of Tokyo, Japan. Accessibility Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. Cockroaches *qzve}yl]>) L)('+qyHJd%>EB,v@YS%|dZC?qmpXIfKS`Iu?y'2/kxGY}w4]LF[LvnyQ|s08X(9^dwG6iaV^/Q +^A\jz7c],vT %PDF-1.6 % 0000007528 00000 n Trunk injections can injure trees. INSECTICIDE - Microsoft When not exposed to light, imidacloprid breaks down slowly in water, and thus has the potential to persist in groundwater for extended periods. Regents of the University of California data-styled.g146[id="sc-3f34sv-8"]{content:"jRdntx,"}/*!sc*/ To qualify, a borrower must be a member of Farmers Business Network, Inc. and meet certain underwriting requirements. Imidacloprid is used to control sucking insects, termites, some soil insects, and fleas on pets. WebQuali-Pro Imidacloprid 2F Turf & Ornamental Page 2 of 4 5-4-11 HOT LINE NUMBER: In case of emergency, contact Prosar at 1-877-250-9291. Soil injection is a good option for commercial applicators. .FMdCe{margin-right:8px;}/*!sc*/ In soil under aerobic conditions, imidacloprid is persistent with a half-life of the order of 13 years. Imidacloprid was applied to a corn field in Minnesota, and no imidacloprid residues were found in sample column segments below the 015.2cm depth segment (Rice et al. Agworld and Greenbook Data Solutions does not provide any guarantee or assurance that the information obtained through this service is accurate, current or correct, and is therefore not liable for any loss resulting, directly or indirectly, from reliance upon this service. WebSAFETY DATA SHEET ADVISE FOUR INSECTICIDE August 13, 2018 Page 1 of 7 . Avoid application to flowering plants that are visited by these beneficials. In a reproductive toxicity study with bobwhite quail, the NOAEC = 120mg a.i./kg diet and the LOAEC = 240mg a.i./kg diet. [31], In laboratory studies, sublethal levels of imidacloprid have been shown to impair navigation, foraging behavior, feeding behavior, and olfactory learning performance in honeybees (Apis mellifera). data-styled.g149[id="sc-3f34sv-11"]{content:"FMdCe,"}/*!sc*/ You must have a valid applicator license to use restricted use pesticides. 914 0 obj<<1F5054181D316D4F84B40CE6DD8797C0>]/Info 873 0 R/Encrypt 875 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/W[1 3 1]/Index[874 122]/DecodeParms<>/Size 996/Prev 355117/Type/XRef>>stream Systemic Houseplant Insect Control. 0000006705 00000 n Final Report", "Insecticide options for protecting ash trees from emerald ash borer", "Environmental Fate and Effects Division Problem Formulation for the Registration Review of Imidacloprid", "Estimated Annual Agricultural Pesticide Use for imidacloprid, 2019", "EPA Curbs Use of 12 Bee-Harming Pesticides", "Index for Imidacloprid (Pc Code 129099) Pesticides", Imidacloprid; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions, "Imidacloprid: Risk Characterization Document Dietary and Drinking Water Exposure", "Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment for bees for the active substance clothianidin", "Cloning of a novel 6-chloronicotinic acid chlorohydrolase from the newly isolated 6-chloronicotinic acid mineralizing Bradyrhizobiaceae strain SG-6C", "Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Potential Side Effects of Systemic Insecticides Used To Control Emerald Ash Borer". 0000002520 00000 n D,2 ` " (Very High) I-Do not apply to blooming plants; 4 [30] Honeybee colonies vary in their ability to metabolize toxins, which explains this wide range. Imidacloprid is part of the family of neonicotinoid insecticides, which act on the central nervous system of insects by binding to the same receptor as nicotine. The metabolic ability of Sphingomonas to imidacloprid was examined by HPLC, and samples were collected on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 to analyze the concentration of xbbd``b`@q'`[$Xj@( [1] Because imidacloprid binds much more strongly to insect neuron receptors than to mammal neuron receptors, this insecticide is more toxic to insects than to mammals. Pesticide imidacloprid threatens future for key pollinator It is also highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates on a chronic basis (effects on growth and movement): NOAEC/LOAEC = 1.8/3.6 ppm in daphnids; NOAEC = 0.001 in Chironomus midge, and NOAEC/LOAEC = 0.00006/0.0013 ppm in mysid shrimp.