if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Erica Shumaker Caitlin Vanden Boom George W. McLaurin(2012.201.B0391.0687, Oklahoma Publishing Company Photography Collection, OHS). Make your practice more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research suite. Chief Justice Frederick Vinson delivered the opinion of the court. [ Footnote 1 ] The amendment adds the following proviso to each of the sections relating to mixed schools: Provided, that the provisions of this Section shall not apply to programs of instruction leading to a particular degree given at State owned or operated colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the white race, where such programs of instruction leading to a particular degree are not given at colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the colored race; provided further, that said programs of instruction leading to a particular degree shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis. 70 Okla. Stat. The case was decided on June 5, 1950. WebPainter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents [both 1950]). In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, (339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. WebThe University of Oklahoma accepted George McLaurin to its graduate program in education, but separated him from other students. In this ruling and its companion case, Sweatt v. Painter, decided on the same day, the Supreme Court held that African American students must receive the same treatment as all other students in the realm of higher education. 851, 94 L.Ed. [1], Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. The result is that appellant is handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. MR. CHIEF JUSTICE VINSON delivered the opinion of the Court. He was solicited by the Comite des Citoyens (Committee of Citizens), a group of New Orleans residents who sought to repeal the Act. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 640, 70 S.Ct. This would set a precedent for future legal issues about segregation, including the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education a few years later. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents 2,513 views Jul 7, 2016 29 Dislike Share Save OU IACH 2.33K subscribers In this lecture, professor Kathryn Schumaker reviews the 851 94 L.Ed. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. Appellant, having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, must receive the same treatment at the hands of the state as students of other races. 528. Possessing a Master's degree, he applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in order to pursue studies and courses leading to a Doctorate in Education. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Citing our decisions in Missouri ex rel. The student was assigned to seating in the classroom, library, and cafeteria that was specified for Black students. Appellant filed a complaint requesting injunctive relief, alleging that the action of the school authorities and the statutes upon which their action was based were unconstitutional and deprived him [339 U.S. 637, 639] of the equal protection of the laws. p\!Y.Ebt9/ z ^tGG"w N8f,SYU*Vn/ Civ. Such reasoning, though common in courts up to that time, was about to lose all legitimacy. The experience needed for a good education could not be accomplished by physically separating McLaurin from his peers, and it disallowed him from working on many types of projects that involved one or more students, as well as participating in a discussion of any kind. The sign that hung around the students sites in the classroom stating Reserved for Colored was removed, and he was assigned to a table on the main floor of the library; his previous table was on the mezzanine level. 851, present different aspects of this general question: To what extent does the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment limit the power of a state to distinguish between students of different races in professional and graduate education in a state university? The following state regulations pages link to this page. P. 642. George McLaurin George McLaurin was the first African American student admitted to the University of Oklahoma. The U.S. Supreme Court held that "the conditions under which appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws, and the Fourteenth Amendment precludes such differences in treatment by the State based upon race.". Pursuant to a requirement of state law that the instruction of Negroes in institutions of higher education be "upon a segregated basis," however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for Negro students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents - YouTube Omissions? (1950) 455, 456, 457. 0000062655 00000 n WebIn McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, supra, the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: ". US Supreme Court Opinions and Cases | FindLaw 1149, it was ruled that a state may not after having admitted a Negro student to graduate instruction in its state university afford him different treatment from other students solely because of his race. 638-642. Sweatt v. Painter (1950) - The Papers of Justice Tom C. Clark 638-642. On January 28, 1948, a retired black professor, George McLaurin, applied to the University of Oklahoma to pursue a Doctorate in Education. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1949), 339 U.S. 637 [70 S.Ct. 848. With them on the brief were Thurgood [339 U.S. 637, 638] Marshall and Frank D. Reeves. 526 (W.D. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 87 F. Supp. The plaintiff, George W. McLaurin, who already had a master's degree in education, was first denied admission to the University of Oklahoma to pursue a Doctorate in Education degree. 70 Okla.Stat.Ann. McLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okla. Stat. The amendment adds the following proviso to each of the sections relating to mixed schools: 'Provided, that the provisions of this Section shall not apply to programs of instruction leading to a particular degree given at State owned or operated colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the white race, where such programs of instruction leading to a particular degree are not given at colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the colored race; provided further, that said programs of instruction leading to a particular degree shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis.' In a unanimous decision authored by Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, the Supreme Court reversed the lower courts decision. His case set a precedent through which may laws regarding segregation were struck down. Reversing, the Supreme Court of the United States held that a state could not treat a student differently from other students on the basis of race as theFourteenth Amendmentprecludes such differences in treatment. Both students sued, and the U.S. Briefs of amici curiae, supporting appellant, were filed by Solicitor General Perlman and Philip Elman for the United States; Paul G. Annes for the American Federation of Teachers; Phineas Indritz for the American Veterans Committee, Inc.; Arthur J. Goldberg for the Congress of Industrial Organizations; Edward J. Ennis and Saburo Kido for the Japanese American Citizens League; and Arthur Garfield Hays and Eugene Nickerson for the American Civil Liberties Union. WebSupreme Court case McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents School ruled that public institutions of higher learning could not discriminate due to race. The Court concluded that the conditions under which appellant were required to receive his education deprived him of his personal and present rights to the equal protection of the laws. McLaurin filed an injunction in federal court with the argument that the University of Oklahoma had denied him his rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. The judgment is Reversed. 0000062265 00000 n 851, 94 L.Ed. Contractors of America v. Jacksonville, Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 0000001099 00000 n WebOn January 14, 1946, the petitioner, a Negro, concededly qualified to receive the professional legal education offered by the State, applied for admission to the School of Law of the University of Oklahoma, the only institution for legal education supported and maintained by the taxpayers of the Oklahoma. Public facilities like bathrooms and water fountains were segregated. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. (1950) 455, 456, 457. Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill, Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education, Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education, Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education. Messrs. Amos T. Hall, Tulsa, Okl., Robert L. Carter, Washington, D.C., for appellant. Do you find this information helpful? He is now assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for colored students; he is assigned to a table in the library on the main floor; and he is permitted to eat at the same time in the cafeteria as other students, although here again he is assigned to a special table. Chief Justice Fred Vinson, writing for the court, held that the differential treatment given to McLaurin was itself a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause: "Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession." Appellant, a Negro citizen of Oklahoma possessing a master's degree, was admitted to the Graduate School of the state-supported University of Oklahoma as a candidate for a doctorate in education and was permitted to use the same classroom, library and cafeteria as white students. 34. OF CORRECTIONS 2020 OK CIV APP 42 Case Number: 118004 Decided: 02/21/2020 Mandate Issued: 07/29/2020 DIVISION III THE US Supreme Court. WebMcLaurin v Oklahoma showed how the "separate but equal" provision can still be manipulated in a way that discriminates against individuals on the basis of race. (a) The restrictions imposed upon appellant impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. That court held that such treatment did not violate the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment and denied the motion. Segregating a population also segregates the experiences and voices of that population. AFRICAN AMERICANS, BROOKSVILLE, CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, ROSCOE DUNJEE, ADA LOIS SIPUEL FISHER, AMOS T. HALL, NAACP, SEGREGATION, UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA. Terms of Use About the Encyclopedia. Pursuant to a requirement of state law, 70 Okla. Stat. Create an account to start this course today. It was not until 1950 that the Supreme Court ruled that the treatment must be equal between White and African American students. McLaurin won the right to attend the University of Oklahoma without being segregated in any way from his peers. 526. He may wait in line in the cafeteria and there stand and talk with his fellow students, but while he eats he must remain apart. Submit a Correction We conclude that the conditions under which this appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws. The case concerned a Black student who was treated differently than white students after being admitted to the graduate school at the University of Oklahoma. In apparent conformity with the amendment, his admission was made subject to such rules and regulations as to segregation as the President of the University shall consider to afford to Mr. G. W. McLaurin substantially equal educational opportunities as are afforded to other persons seeking the same education in the Graduate College, a condition which does not appear to have been withdrawn. Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1, 13 -14 (1948). WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents is a case that was decided on June 5, 1950, by the United States Supreme Court holding that a state cannot treat a student differently on the basis of race. Ablack citizen of Oklahoma possessing a master's degree was admitted to the Graduate School of the state-supported University of Oklahoma as a candidate for a doctorate in education and was permitted to use the same classroom, library and cafeteria as white students. Oklahoma State Regents . Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc. Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York, Will v. Michigan Department of State Police, Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community, Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee. Appellant was thereupon admitted to the University of Oklahoma Graduate School. We decide only this issue; see Sweatt v. Painter, ante, p. 629. Hoping to earn a doctorate in education, he applied for admission to graduate study at Oklahoma's all The Supreme Court also held that officials at the University of Oklahoma had violated the plaintiffs right to equal protection of the laws by denying him an education that was equal to that of his peers. Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. In the McLaurin case, the U.S. Supreme Court found that the University of Oklahoma had violated the equal protection clause because the experience needed for a good education could not be accomplished by physically separating McLaurin. It is said that the separations imposed by the State in this case are in form merely nominal. All rights reserved. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950). I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Citing our decisions in Missouri ex rel. Appellant, having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, must receive the same treatment at the hands of the state as students of other races. Further, the Court ruled that "discrimination had no place in education." George W. McLaurin Argued April 3-4, 1950. Robert L. Carter and Amos T. Hall argued the cause for appellant. Individual users must determine if their use of the Materials falls under United States copyright law's "Fair Use" guidelines and does not infringe on the proprietary rights of the Oklahoma Historical Society as the legal copyright holder of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and part or in whole. With him on the brief was Mac Q. Williamson, Attorney General. Supreme Court 339 U.S. 637 70 S.Ct. To read more about the impact of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents click here. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, an important case leading up to the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, struck down the Oklahoma statute that mandated In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. The Supreme Court made this decision unanimously in 1950. McLaurin opened the door through which other landmark cases that abolished segregation could enter. The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily abate individual and group predilections, prejudices and choices. '1 Appellant was thereupon admitted to the University of Oklahoma Graduate School. WebMcLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION et al. (1941) 455, 456, 457, which made it a misdemeanor to maintain or operate, teach or attend a school at which both whites and Negroes are enrolled or taught. Supreme Court of the United States McLaurin v. Oklahoma On the assumption, however, that the State would follow the constitutional mandate, the court refused to grant the injunction, retaining jurisdiction of the cause with full power to issue any necessary and proper orders to secure McLaurin the equal protection of the laws. 20072023 Blackpast.org. 339 U. S. 640-641. McLAURINv.OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION et al. Photo by Joe Ravi (CC-BY-SA 3.0) Appellant, a (1950) Henderson v. United States Et. Fred Hansen, First Assistant Attorney General of Oklahoma, argued the cause for appellees. As a result of the amended Oklahoma law, the plaintiff was assigned to sit in a row of classroom seats reserved for African American students, had to sit at an assigned table in the library, and, while he was allowed to eat in the cafeteria, he had a designated table. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. 0000071254 00000 n Heyne's factual allegations state a plausible claim against Manuel for violation of his right to equal, Geier, 801 F.2d at 805.Missouri ex rel. 854] the Supreme Court struck down "restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students," not social commingling or commingling generally. For the first time, the U.S. Supreme Court acknowledged that the fabric of American society was changing. We decide only this issue; see Sweatt v. Painter, ante, p. 629. Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. 526; 1948 U.S. It may be argued that appellant will be in no better position when these restrictions are removed, for he may still be set apart by his fellow students. Kenneth has a JD, practiced law for over 10 years, and has taught criminal justice courses as a full-time instructor. 29hQbwy3Lp University 0000005810 00000 n Your donation is fully tax-deductible. 87 F. Supp. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents Download PDF Check Treatment Summary holding that a state sponsored graduate school's disparate treatment of an admitted black The Voting Rights Act Age 17 The Voting Rights Act prohibits racial discrimination in voting. This we think irrelevant. On appeal, the Supreme Court focused on the question of whether officials could treat a student at a state university differently from other students based solely on his race. 0000007159 00000 n Ronald David Roberts (19431982) FamilySearch Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. HM0O0wz,['+hQ#H pt}~es9p~(/W3&5YfqL4Q7F:6[QcsWP\~)gLBsDhjB`9L[{kNu2[/(DSm:o_zX?aEEn^)}UXR}2 wF%. The U.S. Supreme Court heard McLaurin's appeal in April 1950 and in June unanimously reversed the lower court. D G zmS& endstream endobj 28 0 obj<>stream Sweatt v. Painter George McLaurin, Educator born This we think irrelevant. McLaurin v. Oklahoma ( 1950) | History 404: US Constitution The court denied McLaurin's petition. Fred Hansen, First Assistant Attorney General of Oklahoma, argued the cause for appellees. McLaurin returned to the U.S. District court and petitioned to require the University of Oklahoma to remove the separate facilities allowing him to interact with the other students fully (87 F. Supp. 1149, the Supreme Court had held that it was a denial of the equal protection guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment for a state to segregate on the ground of race a student who had been admitted to an institution of higher learning. In the interval between the decision of the court below and the hearing in this Court, the treatment afforded appellant was altered. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, https://www.britannica.com/event/McLaurin-v-Oklahoma-State-Regents, BlackPast - McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, Cornell Law School - Legal Information Institute - McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank, Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett, Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs, John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights, Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement, Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, Council for United Civil Rights Leadership, Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), "Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)", List of lynching victims in the United States, Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, African American founding fathers of the United States, Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument, Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McLaurin_v._Oklahoma_State_Regents&oldid=1145333954, African-American history between emancipation and the civil rights movement, United States racial desegregation case law, United States Supreme Court cases of the Vinson Court, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938), and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 332 U.S. 631 (1948), a statutory three-judge District Court held that the State had a Constitutional duty to provide him with the education he sought as soon as it provided that education for applicants of any other group. Citing our decisions in State of Missouri ex rel. These restrictions were obviously imposed in order to comply, as nearly as could be, with the statutory requirements of Oklahoma. McLaurin v. Oklahoma was one of the cases that helped to overturn Plessy v. Ferguson. Such restrictions impaired and inhibited his ability to study, to engage in discussions, exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. Why it matters: The Supreme Court's decision in this case established that the Equal Protection Clause prohibited states from treating students differently on the basis of race. (c) Having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, appellant must receive the same treatment at the hands of the State as students of other races. The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily abate individual and group predilections, prejudices and choices. Pp. 299, 92 L.Ed. We conclude that the conditions under which this appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws. The Justices acknowledged in their ruling that it is impossible to have a "separate yet equal" education because of the nature of education itself. The litigation in McLaurin began to take shape when George W. McLaurin, an African American student with a masters degree, applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in pursuit of a doctorate in education but was denied entry solely because of his race. Yes. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The proceedings below are stated in the opinion. He is now assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for colored students; he is assigned to a table in the library on the main floor; and he is permitted to eat at the same time in the cafeteria as other students, although here again he is assigned to a special table. Ballotpedia features 408,463 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. %PDF-1.4 % Therefore, the Court ruled that higher institutions such as colleges and universities were prohibited from practicing segregation, as it violated equal protection in an educational setting. 836, 842, 92 L.Ed. ODDEsDLf%aZ:!}]z'zb;B.MVe'}p`ZXH],VKy(x4~WPr$/~!8snJs^tdL5@0q.EtL vHe]}q|M-8-(%Ys1rC"sm,v9gs:th~ }rr^b+ENtNPt!\>\* \j s (zPxGJULk[ `C%^Tr These restrictions were obviously imposed in order to comply, as nearly as could be, with the statutory requirements of Oklahoma. Segregated basis is defined as "classroom instruction given in separate classrooms, or at separate times." 1149], it appeared that appellant was admitted as a graduate student at the University of Oklahoma, but in the classroom was required to sit in a row specified for colored students; in the library, he was assigned a special table; and in the cafeteria he was required to sit at a table apart from other students. 0000001774 00000 n In response, legislators in Oklahoma amended the statute, permitting African Americans to be admitted to educational institutions provided that the instruction the institutions provided was upon a segregated basis. The student was then admitted to the graduate school of the University of Oklahoma, a state-funded institution. Although the court declared that the statute allowing officials to deny the student admission to the program was null and void, it refused to grant his request for an injunction, assuming that officials would follow the constitutional mandate in its order. No. WebMCLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS, 339 U.S. 637 (1950) Reset A A Font size: Print United States Supreme Court McLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS As a result, much of the South adopted "separate but equal" policies that governed daily life. Susan Cianci Salvatore (September 1, 2001), U.S. District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma, Post Office, Courthouse, and Federal Office Building, NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, List of landmark African-American legislation, List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 339, public domain material from this U.S government document, National Historic Landmark Nomination: Bizzell Library, University of Oklahoma, Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive, Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication, College of Atmospheric and Geographic Sciences, Weitzenhoffer Family College of Fine Arts. WebCanada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938), and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 332 U.S. 631 (1948), a statutory three-judge District Court held that the State had a Constitutional duty to [2], Oral argument was held between April 3, 1950, and April 4, 1950. Appellant is a Negro citizen of Oklahoma. Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, an important case leading up to the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, struck down the Oklahoma statute that mandated segregation in education. However, McLaurin appealed and his case went to the U.S. Supreme Court. The amendment provided, however, that in such cases the program of instruction shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis [1]. The Power of Precedent - Separate Is Not Equal - National Plessy v. Ferguson his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession." 0000006506 00000 n The federal court in Oklahoma City upheld the discrimination, observing that the Constitution "does not abolish distinctions based upon race . It further held that to the extent the Oklahoma statutes denied him admission they were unconstitutional and void. The result was that he was handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. Policy: Christopher Nelson Caitlin Styrsky Molly Byrne Jimmy McAllister Samuel Postell P. 339 U. S. 641. Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. (b) That appellant may still be set apart by his fellow students and may be in no better position when these restrictions are removed is irrelevant, for there is a constitutional difference between restrictions imposed by the State which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students and the refusal of students to commingle where the State presents no such bar.

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