But a pernicious harm of fake news is the doubt it sows about the reliability of all news. What is truth? The Future of Digital Spaces and Their Role in Democracy, What the data says about Americans views of climate change, Podcasts as a Source of News and Information, AI in Hiring and Evaluating Workers: What Americans Think, Americans confident in Zelenskyy, but have limited familiarity with some other world leaders, How Public Polling Has Changed in the 21st Century. The reader and the producer of content, both have responsibilities., Deirdre Williams, retired internet activist, replied, Human beings are losing their capability to question and to refuse. People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. A. Filters sort information in alphabetical order. Which of the following uses top-down processing to best explain Connie's sudden shift in attention? They cited several reasons: They said these factors and others make it difficult for many people in the digital age to create and come to share the type of common knowledge that undergirds better and more-responsive public policy. Why would her boss suggest this? These respondents said the information environment cant be improved without more, well-staffed, financially stable, independent news organizations. and subscription providers will have a vested interest in culling down false narratives; 2) Algorithms that filter news will learn to discern the quality of a news item and not just tailor to virality or political leaning., In order to reduce the spread of fake news, we must deincentivize it financially. The excuse that the scale of posts on social media platforms makes human intervention impossible will not be a defense. When the television became popular, people also believed everything on TV was true. Content filtering is used by corporations as part of Internet firewall computers and also by home . (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Information with the intent to deceive, opinions masquerading as facts, exciting developments, boring truths, crafty deceptions they are all part of the internet "information soup." These developments have given rise to the new term, information literacy "the ability to discern between information that is relevant and accurate . Peacefire Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? () Listen RESPONSE BOARD Do you agree that Bernie Ebbers's lack of conflict-management skills was a contributing factor in the fall of WorldCom? We need to replace ignorance and frustration with better life opportunities that restore confidence a tall order and a tough agenda. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Most of the respondents who gave hopeful answers about the future of truth online said they believe technology will be implemented to improve the information environment. The other side of the complexity coin is ignorance. The average man or woman in America today has less knowledge of the underpinnings of his or her daily life than they did 50 or a hundred years ago. And those who are most hopeful believed that technological fixes can be implemented to bring out the better angels guiding human nature. Martin is the financial director of a small business. Regulatory options may include unbundling social networks like Facebook into smaller entities. David Conrad, Paul N. Edwards, Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford University, commented, Many excellent methods will be developed to improve the information environment, but the history of online systems shows that bad actors can and will always find ways around them., Vian Bakir, professor in political communication and journalism at Bangor University in Wales, commented, It wont improve because of 1) the evolving nature of technology emergent media always catches out those who wish to control it, at least in the initial phase of emergence; 2) online social media and search engine business models favour misinformation spreading; 3) well-resourced propagandists exploit this mix., Many who expect things will not improve in the next decade said that white hat efforts will never keep up with black hat advances in information wars. C) Single filter model A professor based in North America said, [This] is a capitalist system. When there is value in misinformation, it will rule., Big political players have just learned how to play this game. Filtering Software: The Religious Connection (2002) Sorting can be applied to columns but not rows. I agree. Which of the following highlights the relevance of contextual cuing? Which of the following statements about filter models of attention is most correct? Teaching judgment has always been the solution, and it always will be. This has been referred to as the weaponization of public narratives. Sorting can be applied to columns but not rows. The only major fear I have is of massive communications conglomerates imposing pervasive censorship., Steven Miller, vice provost for research at Singapore Management University, wrote, Even now, if one wants to find reliable sources, one has no problem doing that, so we do not lack reliable sources of news today. There are many people working on ways to protect the integrity and reliability of information, just as there are cybersecurity experts who are in a constant arms race with cybercriminals, but to put as much emphasis on information (a public good) as data (a personal asset) will require a pretty big cultural shift. A) Spotlight model By Bieke Zaman and Marije Nouwen, Filtering: The Man in the Middle. 10. And yet, it feels like as a society, we are outsourcing this function to private entities that exist, ultimately, to make a profit and not necessarily for a social good. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Reddit and Twitter appear to be prime battlegrounds. Some respondents predicted that a larger digital divide will form. That is to say, things will become better but not necessarily good., AI, blockchain, crowdsourcing and other technologies will further enhance our ability to filter and qualify the veracity of information., There will be new visual cues developed to help news consumers distinguish between trusted news sources and others., Accurate facts are essential, particularly within a democracy, so this will be a high, shared value worthy of investment and government support, as well as private-sector initiatives., We are only at the beginning of drastic technological and societal changes. By June Pinnell-Stevens published in American Libraries, Do You See What I See? However, James has chosen to not mention her, inattention to detail and her habit of coming into the office late. By Nancy Kranich published in Library Administration & Management, Lester Asheim in Cyberspace: A Tribute to Sound Reasoning (2002) By Sarah Houghton published in Library Technology Reports, Why Filters Won't Protect Children or Adults (2004) Anthony overslept and has three voicemails on his phone from his boss telling him to come into work immediately, for an emergency planning meeting. According to Cherry's work on auditory attention, which of the following would NOT help to distinguish target sounds from background noise? They expressed faith in the inventiveness of these organizations and suggested the people of these companies will implement technology to embed moral and ethical thinking in the structure and business practices of their platforms, enabling the screening of content while still protecting rights such as free speech. Some of these experts expect that such systems will act to identify perceived misbehaviors and label, block, filter or remove some online content and even ban some posters from further posting. Which of the following statements about filter models of attention is most correct? Communication is only important if you are an upper-level manager. A professor at a major U.S. university replied, Surveillance technologies and financial incentives will generate greater surveillance. A retired university professor predicted, Increased censorship and mass surveillance will tend to create official truths in various parts of the world. Right now, many people naively believe what they read on social media. Some 1,116 responded to this nonscientific canvassing: 51% chose the option that the information environment will not improve, and 49% said the information environment will improve. Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry (2016) People will continue to cosset their own cognitive biases.. When you communicate only a portion of the information available in order to. Communication is how we convey information to one another, whether written, verbal, nonverbal, or. A) A black D. It is being replaced by social media, where there are few if any moral or ethical guidelines or constraints on the performance of informational roles., A project leader for a science institute commented, We live in an era where most people get their news via social media and it is very easy to spread fake news. Without a framework for regulation, I cant imagine penalties.. D) A majority of incongruent items leading to a decreased Stroop effect. Filtering enables people to get the most accurate picture of a situation. There are a lot of rich and unethical people, politicians, non-state actors and state actors who are strongly incentivized to get fake information out there to serve their selfish purposes., A research professor of robotics at Carnegie Mellon University observed, Defensive innovation is always behind offensive innovation. Two rows in the cell range can be filtered independently. That means the continuing bifurcation of haves and have-nots, when it comes to trusted news and information., An anonymous editor and publisher commented, Sadly, many Americans will not pay attention to ANY content from existing or evolving sources. Explain your answer. Following this wide-ranging set of comments is a much more expansive set of quotations directly tied to the five primary themes identified in this report. Mike DeVito, A sociologist doing research on technology and civic engagement at MIT said, Though likely to get worse before it gets better, the 2016-2017 information ecosystem problems represent a watershed moment and call to action for citizens, policymakers, journalists, designers and philanthropists who must work together to address the issues at the heart of misinformation., Michael Zimmer, associate professor and privacy and information ethics scholar at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee commented, This is a social problem that cannot be solved via technology.. To maximize the chances of sending effective communication, it is advisable, People tend to filter downward communication more than upward, Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to. manage the reactions of the listener(s), you are engaging in filtering. Yes, of course. The question arises, then: What will happen to the online information environment in the coming decade? of College & Research Libraries (ACRL), Assn. A story can be distorted, disproportional, meant to mislead and still, strictly speaking, factually accurate. Several other respondents also cited this as a major flaw of this potential remedy. Things will improve because people individually and collectively will make it so.. He recently read a memo from one department presenting a new, idea for a product. Were simultaneously skeptics and true believers. Several longer additional sets of responses tied to these themes follow that summary. The 2016 Brexit vote in the United Kingdom and the tumultuous U.S. presidential election highlighted how the digital age has affected news and cultural narratives. The information that will be disseminated will be biased, based on monetary interests., Seth Finkelstein, consulting programmer and winner of the Electronic Freedom Foundations Pioneer Award, commented, Virtually all the structural incentives to spread misinformation seem to be getting worse., A data scientist based in Europe wrote, The information environment is built on the top of telecommunication infrastructures and services developed following the free-market ideology, where truth or fact are only useful as long as they can be commodified as market products., Zbigniew ukasiak, a business leader based in Europe, wrote, Big political players have just learned how to play this game. D) A majority of incongruent items leading to a decreased Stroop effect. I (still) trust the longstanding principle of free speech: The best cure for offensive speech is MORE speech. Second, information related to the product's known as an item vector. So the responsibility is with the person who is seeking the news and trying to get information on what is going on. Filters and algorithms will improve to both verify raw data, separate overlays and to correct for a feedback loop., Semantic technologies will be able to cross-verify statements, much like meta-analysis., The credibility history of each individual will be used to filter incoming information., The veracity of information will be linked to how much the source is perceived as trustworthy we may, for instance, develop a trust index and trust will become more easily verified using artificial-intelligence-driven technologies., The work being done on things like verifiable identity and information sharing through loose federation will improve things somewhat (but not completely). D. Only one filter can be applied at a time. Sally is struggling in her Freshman Composition class and sends the following text to her father, complaining about. Most users just read the headline, comment and share without digesting the entire article or thinking critically about its content (if they read it at all).. A) Inhibition of return promotes an individual attending to new and unsearched locations, thereby resulting in a more efficient visual search. The truth of news stories is far murkier and multi-faceted. How to be a Ninja Warrior Filter Fighter! Perhaps people can even install filters so that, when theyre doing searches, hits that dont meet a certain trust threshold will not appear on the list., A longtime U.S. government researcher and administrator in communications and technology sciences said, The intelligence, defense and related U.S. agencies are very actively working on this problem and results are promising., Amber Case, research fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society, suggested withholding ad revenue until veracity has been established. Sarah Houghton and the San Jos Public Library, The Effectiveness of Internet Content Filters (2008) The environment will only improve if both sides of the communication channel are responsible. also see thesummary and links to individual reports. They noted that misinformation and bad actors have always existed but have eventually been marginalized by smart people and processes. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Everything, ok? Anthony responds quickly and carelessly: No worries, g2 wrk nw. Anthonys message to his coworker is. Its main goal is the management of the information overload and increment of the semantic signal-to-noise ratio. A packet-filtering firewall (answer a) is the simplest type of firewall commonly implemented on routers. Understanding Communication Chapter 3.1- 3.17 Q &A Homework Help.docx, 58. If an article bursts into collective consciousness and is later proven to be fake, the sites that control or host that content could refuse to distribute advertising revenue to the entity that created or published it. D) A green P. What aspect of the Stroop task demonstrates controlled processing? The legal climate for security research will continue to improve, as its connection to national security becomes increasingly obvious. It must also elevate information literacy to be a primary goal of education, Theme 1: The information environment will not improve. ", SafeKids.com: Digital Citizenship, Online Safety, and Civility. Any row that doesn't meet the conditions (the expression evaluates to false or NULL) is discarded. Many of these respondents said the leaders and engineers of the major information platform companies will play a significant role. Guidelines to provide public and school libraries with information about how to select, configure, manage, and assess content filters to minimize the negative effects on free inquiry and the privacy of library users. At the top of a comments section, there is a drop down menu with these choices. And many others., Leah Lievrouw, professor in the department of information studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, observed, So many players and interests see online information as a uniquely powerful shaper of individual action and public opinion in ways that serve their economic or political interests (marketing, politics, education, scientific controversies, community identity and solidarity, behavioral nudging, etc.). A. are the most complex type of firewall B. seldom examine the data or the addresses of the message C. can filter both inbound and outbound traffic D. examine the destination address but not the source address E. can examine the contents of VPN packets 26) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the A) Semantic meaning Information overload crushes peoples attention spans. People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. Most of these experts do not expect there will be a perfect system but they expect advances. A) The late selection filter because it does not filter out irrelevant physical information before it has been processed in terms of its physical significance. Trust in America: Do Americans trust the news media? B) Triesman proposed that information from the attended ear was filtered for semantic importance and the unattended ear was . This data is represented by the user vector. Which model of attention is best supported by research findings and why? Our brains are not wired to contend with the pace of technological change: These respondents said the rising speed, reach and efficiencies of the internet and emerging online applications will magnify these human tendencies and that technology-based solutions will not be able to overcome them. Chicago, IL: American Association of School Librarians (AASL) If a news story reaffirms what we already believe, its credible but if it rails against our beliefs, its fake. Filtering can be applied to columns but not rows. Some respondents expect a dramatic rise in the manipulation of the information environment by nation-states, by individual political actors and by groups wishing to spread propaganda. In short, its a successful strategy, made simpler by more powerful information technologies., Philip J. Nickel, lecturer at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, said, The decline of traditional news media and the persistence of closed social networks will not change in the next 10 years. They eschew accountability for the impact of their inventions on society and have not developed any of the principles or practices that can deal with the complex issues. A number of respondents challenged the idea that any individuals, groups or technology systems could or should rate information as credible, factual, true or not. exam 2 possibly. to send it. Inquiries can be directed via email to oif@ala.org or via phone at 800-545-2433, extension 4220. Many respondents agree that misinformation will persist as the online realm expands and more people are connected in more ways. To maximize the chances of sending effective communication, it is advisable to use a single channel to send it. There has been a tremendous insertion of complex systems into many aspects of how we live in the decades since World War II, fueled by a tremendous growth in knowledge in general. Lying is a powerful way to do that. I agree. I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries (2007) Many of those who expect no improvement of the information environment said those who wish to spread misinformation are highly motivated to use innovative tricks to stay ahead of the methods meant to stop them. B) Contextual features associated with particular stimuli or experiences help us predict outcomes when we encounter such cues in the future. D) Inhibition of return increases the effort required for an individual to attend to the same stimulus several times, thereby decreasing evolutionary survival. For the environment to improve, we need substantial improvements in education systems across the world in relation to critical thinking, social literacy, information literacy, and cyberliteracy (see Laura Guraks book Cyberliteracy)., Su Sonia Herring, an editor and translator, commented, Misinformation and fake news will exist as long as humans do; they have existed ever since language was invented. Increased censorship and mass surveillance will tend to create official truths in various parts of the world. Online echo chambers or silos divide people into separate camps, at times even inciting them to express anger and hatred at a volume not seen in previous communications forms. Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to manage the listener's reactions . Resolution on Opposition to Federally Mandated Internet Filtering(2001). glastonbury registration wrong postcode,

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