Posted on

abnoba celtic goddessnetball superleague salary cap

Abnoba is a Celtic god worshipped in Gaul, in what is now Germany. Nature Goddesses - A List - Symbol Sage There was another festival in her honor around this time, called the Banquet for Tellus and Ceres, celebrating the Earths productivity and its growing power. Abnoba is a Celtic god worshipped in Gaul, in what is now Germany. They were usually portrayed as beautiful young women, sitting, standing, or lying beside a water body and holding hydria, a water pot, or a frond of a leafy plant. Many Pagans honor her today as a goddess of the hearth and home, and of divination and prophecy. Learn how to enable JavaScript on your browser. He says that it arises opposite the town of Rauricum in Gaul and flows from there beyond the Alps, implying that the river begins in the Alps, which it does not. [1] It is also the name of a mountain or mountain range . Many of these were probably put up by Romans, although the Maponus altar is interesting as it combines native and Roman deities. He is a graduate of Ivy Tech Community College. In Aztec mythology, she was worshiped as the patroness and protector of young mothers, pregnancy, childbirth, and all the crafts and work practiced by women, including embroidery and weaving. She possibly embodied the primordial flora and fauna, with her epithets describing her as a mother goddess. Please confirm you want to block this member. Ptolemy's Geography also mentions the Abnoba Mountain as a source of the River. Deep in the Black Forest, they worshiped Abnoba, the goddess of the wilds. The Forest of Arden, located in England, is also associated with her. Cult She was worshipped in the south of France by the Vocontii as well as at Bern, home of Artio. Arduinna was widely worshiped throughout the regions of the Ardennes, the forested terrain stretching over the parts of todays Germany, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France. But her influence wasnt limited to Germany. Unfortunately, the only surviving depiction of the goddess is a small statue of a young woman riding a wild boar. Etymology Possible links to Abnoba may include Arduninna the Gallic Goddess of the Moon, the Goddess of the Hunt and of Justice in the Ardennes, She who rode a Boar to the Hunt, Devana or Dziewona the Goddess of the Wild Woodlands for the Serbians, Czechs and Polish as well as many other names, which may be lost to us forever. Read More Arnemetia Pagan Portals - Abnoba by Ryan McClain - Ebook | Scribd The origin of Abnobas name is uncertain but may derive from the Proto-Celtic *abon or river.. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Print & PDF (Opens in new window), Newbies Arent Ruining Anything: A Comic Book Memoir, Flidais: Is She a Goddess? Bes Egyptian God of Fertility and Childbirth, Huldra The Seductive Forest Beings of Norse Mythology. The Gauls were the ancient Celtic people of continental Europe. The local deities from Celtic nature worship were the spirits of a particular feature of the landscape, such as mountains, trees, or rivers, and thus were generally only known by the locals in the surrounding areas. 138), was dedicated by a freedman. These types of goddesses are usually called the Mother Goddesses or Mother Nature. question grand oral gestion finance She works as the chief editor of Symbol Sage but also takes the time to write on topics that interest her. Abnoba, also known as Avnova, Dianae Abnobae, or Dea Abnoba, is a Celtic goddess of nature, mountains, and hunt. The goddess was the daughter of Ohoyamatsumi, or Oho-yama, the mountain god, and was considered the goddess of mountains and volcanoes herself as well as the personification of Mount Fuji. Uh-oh, it looks like your Internet Explorer is out of date. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Gods and Goddesses of the Celts - Learn Religions According to some myths, she was married to Pacha Kamaq, the Worlds Creator, or sometimes, to Inti, the sun god, and the patron of the Inca empire. with the etymon *abo-s "water, river", found in e.g. Green, Miranda 1995: Celtic Goddesses: Warriors, Virgins and Mothers, British Museum Press. The image above shows her dressed in a short tunic, holding a knife or short spear, like Diana, although the boar is original to Arduinna (if a little reminiscent of Freyja). It can be as simple as finding a tree that feels a spark of the divine or if you are fortunate to have walking trails or some woods to explore, the reader to connect in these locations. I have listed several continentsl ones below, as well as the evidence for the cult of Diana in Britain. The ancient Greeks and Romans commonly identified her with Rhea. Pagan Portals - Abnoba: Celtic Goddess of the Wilds - Google Play Hearthfire Handworks at WordPress No other compensation was offered or accepted for these reviews which are as unbiased as possible. (One from the Roman baths at Badenweiler and another from Mhlenbach.) [1] It is also the name of a mountain or mountain range. In ancient Rome, the goddess was commonly associated with Ceres, especially during different rituals honoring the Earth as well as agricultural fertility. In this book you will learn of the connections that Abnoba has to the forests, rivers, springs and wildlife and explore what we know of the historical record, before looking to similar goddesses. My prose: (R.I.B. However, let us explore what has survived, through the ages, in relationship to this Beautiful Goddess! Aphrodite devotee, multi-faith semi-reconstructionist polytheistic pagan. In the Yoruba language, Babalawo means the master or the father of mysticism. Together these suggest a connection between her and the goddess Rigana. Her most prominent symbol is the poppy plants, which were commonly made as offerings to the dead in Roman and Greek myths. Behind the bear is a tree, a reference to the forest. Pagan Portals - Abnoba from Moon Books Pagan Portals - Abnoba | 9781803410241, 9781803410258 | VitalSource Abnoba, from Celtic Germany, was linked to Diana; of nine inscriptions with her name, two call her Diana Abnoba. What they show to one person may not be the same as others perceive or what is generally accepted in written records. She is Abnoba/Abnova from Alprisbach, Cannstatt, Pforzhein and Valdmossingen, Germany. As their culture did not have a writing system, everything we know about her has been picked up from other cultures like Greco-Roman depictions. Abnoba is the celtic mother goddess of the hunt, the wild, animals, healing water, springs, fertility and childbirth (Abnoba statue in Waldfischbach-Burgalben) She was worshipped in the Black Forest of whom she is also the patroness of and many people see her as the personification of the Black Forest itself. Roman historian Tacitus (circa 56circa 117 CE) writes that Abnoba also names a mountain from which the source of the Danube River flows. Ceres is the Roman adaptation of the Greek Demeter, and her myth is very similar to that of Demeter and her daughter Persephone. As the most prominent expression of Earths productivity and fertility, the goddess was considered the mother of all forests, therefore, symbolizing life and fertility. Abnoba is the Goddess of the Black Forest, now in modern Germany, a region with many therapeutic springs including the famed Baden-Baden. Deep in the Black Forest, they worshiped Abnoba, the goddess of the wilds. Shes also considered the patroness of forests and animals. Menu. "Keeper of sacred springs and spirit of the deep forest. The Romans also built many Shrines to Her, associating Her with Diana. Abnoba's many names include Abnoba, Avnova, Abna, Dianae Abnobae, Dea Abnoba, Abnova and Abnoba the Huntress. In December, her temple, which was called the Temple of Tellus, had its anniversary. Her name may mean river or water, indicating she originated as a river guardian spirit. How the goddess relates to the mountain is uncertain. Abnoba received votive and dedicatory offerings from her worshippers; otherwise little is known of the specifics of her cult. The name Avon, śśociated with many rivers, derives from her name.. Goddess name "Achtland" Celtic: Goddess queen who no mortal man could sexually satisfy, so she took a giant from the faery . Even though little is known of Her, Abnoba's name is far-reaching. 15 Powerful Ancient Celtic Gods and Goddesses - Realm of History This was due to the myth of Cybeles lover, the god of fertility Attis, who emasculated himself and bled to death under a pine tree. As with many ancient Gods and Goddesses, Abnoba is known by many names. Because of these gifts, she was often depicted carrying a bow and worshiped as the goddess of wildlife, animals, and nature. Abnoba, from Celtic Germany, was linked to Diana; of nine inscriptions with her name, two call her Diana Abnoba. The Brythonic peoples, descendants of the Celtic Britons, inhabited western Britain (mainly Wales, Cumbria and Cornwall) and Brittany. At meetings and different festivities, its still customary to toast to the honor of the Good Mother or Pachamama, by spilling a little bit of drink or chicha on the floor before starting to drink it. Anu (also known as Ana, Dana, Danu, and Annan) was counted among the oldest of the ancient Celtic goddesses in Ireland. In Greek mythology, Antheia was one of the Graces, or the Charites, most commonly associated with flowers, gardens, blossom, vegetation, as well as love. She is also a protector of those who may be labeled as other. This toast, called challa, is performed almost daily. Please note: http://www.classics.upenn.edu/myth/php/tools/dictionary.php?regexp=RHEA&method=standard, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Celtic_deities&oldid=1149334563, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Adsagsona - Gallic goddess of magic named on the, Cissonia - a Gallic goddess of trade, companion of, Matronae Dervonnae - Gallic mother goddesses in, Matronae Vediantiae (Deae Vediantiae) - Gallic mother goddesses in, Seixomniai Leuciticai - a Celtic goddess, equated with, Bergimus - a mountain god of Cisalpine Gaul, Brasennus - a god known from a lone inscription in Cisalpine Gaul, Cuslanus - a god in Cisalpine Gaul associated with, Deus Ducavavius - a god known from a lone inscription in Cisalpine Gaul, Deus Orevaius - a god known from a lone inscription at, Paronnus - a god known from a lone inscription at, Besencl (Besenclae) - a community and house protector, Erbina - a goddess of wild animals, hunting, and domestic security, Laneana (Laneanis) - a goddess of springs and floods, Reva (Reua) - personification of water flows, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 15:38. Her priests, called the Galli, ritually castrated themselves upon entering her service and assumed female identities and clothes. Enabling JavaScript in your browser will allow you to experience all the features of our site. Some reviews published here are from other forums and publications and Facing North makes no claim as to whether those reviews were compensated. I am the author of five books on mythology, including one on sun-goddesses. Include pine and fir cones (the most prevalent trees in the Black Forest) and images of forest animals. Some even had shrines and cults dedicated to them. Uncover what Abnoba can bring to your life and the many ways that she can enrich it. These early mentions are interesting to explore and provide some possible historical data for the Goddess. The ancient Celts saw hunting as a form of ritual activity and when a life was taken in the hunt, an offering was then given to the hunting deity, in the authors case this would be Abnoba. Deep in the Black Forest, they worshiped Abnoba, the goddess of the wilds. While I am semi-familiar with the language, I am still reading it in doses. An Overview of the Ancient Celtic Pantheon The Celtic Britons inhabited most of the island of Great Britain and spoke Common Brittonic or British. The Gauls were the ancient Celtic people of continental Europe. She was identified by Roman commentators with Minerva by interpretatio romana . Abnoba is the Goddess of the hunt and Black Forest (now modern day Germany). This action will also remove this member from your connections and send a report to the site admin. The claim is linguistic and first appeared in William J. Watson's Celtic Placenames of Scotland (1926). Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. Pagan Portals - Abnoba: Celtic Goddess of the Wilds is written by Ryan McClain and published by Moon Books. 2023 The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website. According to another creation myth, Gaia emerged after Chaos, and gave birth to Uranus, the personification of the sky, who she then took as her consort. She was the goddess of love and fertility and associated with the moon, crops, and farms and cattle. Sep 1, 2022 Abnoba: Celtic Goddess of the Wilds by Ryan McClain ~ Book review by Helen Brambley Having recently made a deep connection with Nemetona and facing the frustration of the lack of information available about her history and traditions, I welcomed the chance to read a book written by someone who had embraced a lesser known Celtic goddess. Her image was usually incorporated in the Athenian vase paintings, where the goddess was depicted as one of Aphrodites servants. Arduinna, a forest goddess, governed the Ardennes region, which spans Belgium, France, and Luxembourg. According to Greek mythology, Gaia, Chaos, and Eros were the first entities to emerge from the Cosmic Egg, and the first beings that lived from the beginning of time. Shes very similar to Gaia, the Earth goddess, as well as Cybele, the Mother of Earth and all the gods. The Celtiberians and Gallaecians were ancient Celtic peoples in Iberia. Here is a list of 350+ goddesses sorted by responsibility or association. In the contemporary English language, flora is the common noun for plants of a specific region. Abnoba (forests; Romano-Celtic) Anna Kuari (Indian) Aranyani (Hindu) Arduinna (forests; Romano-Celtic) Ariadne (Greek) Ashnan (Mesopotamian) Ashratum (Western Semitic) Generally, theyre closely linked to different natural phenomena and objects, such as seasons, rivers, harvests, animals, forests, mountains, and the Earth itself. Her son Mabon was also a hunter, and he is probably a form of Maponus. In Sanskrit, Aranya means forest. Celtic deities can belong to two categories: general and local. One, in fact, commemorates the restoration of the temple. Abnoba - Official Covens Wiki Together with her daughter, Persephone, she was the central deity in the Eleusinian Mysteries, which preceded the Olympian pantheon. Shes the parallel of the Greek goddess Artemis. Her Celtic name is related to the word for river and is the source of the English river name "Avon" Unfortunately, there is little known about Abnoba. In the New World Yoruban religion and throughout Nigeria, shes referred to as the healer and the wise woman, ensuring her followers spiritual and physical health. Windy Grace Mason (author) from Poplar Cove, Virginia, USA on October 09, 2017: Thank you for reading and commenting, Kenneth Avery and momentcentered! 1265) from Northumberland.). According to the ancient Greeks, Demeters greatest gifts to Earth was grain, the cultivation of which made humans different from animals. The Gauls inhabited the region corresponding to modern-day France, Belgium, Switzerland, southern and western Germany, Luxembourg and northern Italy. My latest is an analysis of the Njord Skadi myth, from Avalonia Books. Various votive inscriptions mention the goddess across southern Germany. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. It was believed Aja had a close connection to African herbal healers and that she was the one who taught them their skills and healing art. Having recently made a deep connection with Nemetona and facing the frustration of the lack of information available about her history and traditions, I welcomed the chance to read a book written by someone who had embraced a lesser known Celtic goddess. As the goddess of fertility and womanhood, Artemis was a patroness of young brides-to-be, who would give her their toys as an offering and a sign of their transitioning into full adulthood. In ancient Roman mythology, Ceres was considered the goddess of grain crops, agriculture, fertility, and motherhood. When translated from the Celtic language, her name means She of River Wetness. Hearthfire Handworks at Etsy. He lives in Terre Haute, Indiana. Get special offers, deals, discounts & fast delivery options on international shipping with every purchase on Ubuy India. Kenneth Avery from Hamilton, Alabama on February 25, 2017: . Henceforth, there's more to come, although, sadly, this is all I could dig up on this Goddess in particular. In this book you will learn of the connections that Abnoba has to the forests, rivers, springs and wildlife and explore what we know of the historical record, before looking to similar goddesses. She is associated with Mount Abnoba from the Abnobaei Mountains in Germany as a Goddess of the land and nature in this region. Contains spam, fake content or potential malware. (One from the Roman baths at Badenweiler and another from Mhlenbach.). It is possible that Abnoba is also the spirit of that mountain, one or both of those streams, the Danube itself, or any or all of the above. Goddess Abnoba ORIGIN: Celtic Abnoba is the Goddess of the Black Forest, a region with many therapeutic springs such as the famous Baden-Baden. Rhea hid their youngest child, Zeus, in a cave on the island of Crete, saving him from his father. 11 Goddesses of the Forest, Wild Animals and Nature - Spells8 Her name can be translated as flow or ease. It has been suggested that this error comes about through the use of differing and imperfect sources to make this section of the Geography. The image at the top is Forest Wallpaper by SvenMuller, at deviantart. About; . [[Imagem:Seignac, Diane chassant (5613442047).jpg|200px|thumb|Diana, the Roman goddess often compared to Nabia]] Nabia (or Navia) was a goddess of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, although she also had an extended cult during the Roman occupation of the peninsula. Oho-yama offered the hand of his older daughter to the god Ninigi, but the god was in love with the younger daughter and married her instead. As the goddess of vegetation, she was particularly worshiped during spring and near marshlands and lowlands, and other suitable places for vegetation growth. Please allow a few minutes for this process to complete. He is dedicated to the Goddess Abnoba, and is an active environmentalist and homemaker. The author continues to let the reader know that while he does not hunt, there is still a connection to the animals and that is one of the aspects of Abnoba as a protector of the animals and respect for wildlife. Fieldstones at WordPress Abnoba is a name with theological and geographical meanings: It is the name of a Gaulish goddess who was worshiped in the Black Forest and surrounding areas. She is connected to the Black Forest region of Germany and part of the world of Gaulish Polytheism. Abnoba was sometimes identified by the Romans with their goddess Diana by way of the interpretatio romana. As required by the FTC, I am posting this notice: Reviews on this website were usually compensated in that the reviewer was given a copy of the item and allowed to keep said copy. The Gauls were the ancient Celtic people of continental Europe. Explore a year of festivals along with tips for building an altar, a discussion of prayers and meditations and a Gaulish dedication ritual. The five types of the Naiad nymphs included: Pegaiai (the spring nymphs); Krenaiai (fountains); Potameides (rivers and streams); Limnades (lakes); and Heleionomai (wetlands and marshes). Born among the Celts I now travel the waters far and wide in the world. As a Gaulish/Brythonic Goddess, She was worshiped in the Black Forest area, beside Riverbanks, in the Shrines devoted to Her, and atop the mountains within the Black Forest. Archaeological evidence Synopsis The Gauls were the ancient Celtic people of continental Europe. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. She was also known as the Giver of Food or Grain. World Goddesses have shaped history and mythology for centuries. She longs to connect once again with Her descendants; that is, those who are truly wild at heart. Daniela Villegas Jewelry on Instagram: "I spy some new rings. Meet (Connecting her to the Irish goddess Flidais, whose name may mean wetness.) This blog allows me to explore ideas and get reactions and suggestions from readers. His combination of revivalist and reconstructionist techniques creates a vibrant pathway for working with Abnoba in the modern world. It was believed that these nymphs, together with the goddess Artemis, were protectors and patroness of young girls and women, overlooking their safe passage from childhood to adulthood. One of the altars at the Roman Baths in Badenweiler, Germany and another at Muhlenbach identify her with Diana, the Roman Goddess of the Hunt. Abnoba, also known as Avnova, Dianae Abnobae, or Dea Abnoba, is a Celtic goddess of nature, mountains, and hunt. Explore a year of festivals along with tips for building an altar, a discussion of prayers and meditations and a Gaulish dedication ritual. In the ancient Orient, Greece, and Rome, Cybele was prominent as the Great Mother of gods, humans, and beasts. The Danube River begins with the two small rivers named Breg and Brigach, which drain the Black Forest. Also known as Terra Mater, Tellus Mater, or Mother Earth, Terra was the nature goddess and the personification of the Earth in ancient Roman mythology. Encyclopedia of Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses Written by:Judika Illes Copyright 2009 by Judika Illes. Skip to content. Windy Grace Mason (author) from Poplar Cove, Virginia, USA on January 31, 2016: Thank you for reading and commenting, kittythedreamer! Deep in the Black Forest, they worshiped Abnoba, the goddess of the wilds. The bear makes me think of Artemis, whose name was sometimes traced back to the word rktos, bear. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Fieldstones at Tumblr In Greek mythology, Naiades, or Naiads, were the nymph goddesses of freshwaters, such as rivers, lakes, streams, marshes, and fountains. These insights from the authors perspective help set the cozy tone of the book and you feel like you are chatting with a friend over some nice hot tea. In this book you will learn of the connections that Abnoba has to the forests, rivers, springs and wildlife and explore what we know of the historical record, before looking to similar goddesses. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abnoba&oldid=1121860280, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRG without Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2011, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 November 2022, at 14:46. For example, the Anigrides of Elis nymphs, who were believed to cure diseases with their waters, as well as the Naiades of Mount Helikon, who were thought to possess prophetic and poetic inspiration in their springs had their own centers of worship. Abnoba. Goddess Abnoba | Sacred Haven Coven Throughout Gaul, the wild boar was a vital food source for the entire population, representing abundance as well as power and strength. Sometimes these carry a native divine symbol, or, in a few cases, the type is purely native, e.g. Efforts on behalf of what was once her domain; Black Forest Cake; Black Forest ham; spring water; pilgrimage to one of the springs near the Black Forest. Both were found in a meadow along with a broken statue of Diana, so they probably came from her temple. Explore a year of festivals along with tips for building an . She may have been a mountain and/or river deity and is very likely a goddess of hunters and wild beasts. It seems to me that many of these ancient gods and goddesses are once again making themselves known to us, and if you feel the call of a lesser known deity, this is an excellent book to read to both learn about Abnoba and to understand how to connect with a deity who perhaps little is known about. Two streams within the Black Forest do form the Danubes source, but the location and modern identity of this mountain has not been identified. Her name is derived from the Gaulish word for 'bear', artos. In the first five days, various memes and farces were performed, and there was a lot of nudity. In this book you will learn of the connections that. In equality with the Roman Goddess Diana, she is known from Baldweiler, Muhlburg, Muhlenbach and Stettfeld, Germany. Floralia was the six-day festival held in her honor, every year from the end of April until the beginning of May. Sign up now for weekly facts, the latest blogs, and interesting features. According to Celtic mythology, the goddess was the personification of the Black Forest, and Abnoba Mountain, located within this mountain range, is dedicated to her. Two come from Caerleon, although only one mentions the goddess by name. Tacitus in his Germania speaks of Abnoba as the name of a mountain which is the source of the Danube river. According to Greek mythology, she was the Titan daughter of Uranus, god of Heaven, and Gaia. Abnoba's name is derived from the Brythonic root for River (Afon or Abon). Flidais, possibly a goddess in Ireland, is sometimes thought of as a woodland deer-goddess, There is also a possible connection to Riganna a sovereignty goddess, who in turn may connect to Rhiannon. Avon (*abon). In Yoruba religion, Aja is a nature goddess, or an Orisha the spirit associated with forests, animals, and medicinal plants. Decorate it to evoke a deep forest. They spoke the Brythonic languages. Uncover what Abnoba can bring to your life and the many ways that she can enrich it. Each chapter builds upon the one before, beginning with a beautiful dedication, hymn or translation from ancient text to set the tone for the chapter. Artio - Wikipedia She was thought to cause earthquakes, and llamas were sacrificed to appease her. The Tuatha D Danann of Irish mythology, who were commonly interpreted as divinities or deified ancestors, were downgraded in Christian writings to, at best "fallen angels", or mere mortals, or even portrayed as demons. The reader may feel drawn to working with Abnoba and have similar or different experiences with her, but either way she is an interesting Goddess to study and work with.The author does provide some examples of ways the reader can connect to the wilderness no matter where they reside. The goddess was also honored during the Ambarvalia festival, held every year at harvest time, as well as at Roman weddings and funeral ceremonies. Arduinna was usually depicted as a young woman surrounded by nature, riding a boar and holding a spear in her hand. She was worshiped as the Great Mother and the protector of everything that flows, including milk, birth waters, and blood. The Great Mother cult was widely worshiped in the area of Phrygia, in Asia Minor or todays central Turkey. | We Are Star Stuff. He is a graduate of Ivy Tech Community College. Most Popular Celtic Gods and Goddesses with Their Power, Hathor Egyptian Goddess of Sky and Her Symbols, Satet Egyptian Goddess of War and Archery, Thoth -The Egyptian God of Wisdom and Writing. Tacitus mentions a mountain called Abnoba, at the source of the Danube; could there be a connection between it and the goddess? Abnoba is known as a Goddess of the wild and is a huntress. Celtic Goddesses Abnoba: (Gaulish) Goddess of the Black Forest, the rivers and childbirth. There are various depictions of Gaia in ancient art. Celtic Goddesses - Abnoba, Gaelic Goddess of the Hunt Abnoba: Celtic Goddess of the Wilds (Pagan Portals)

Pickleball Clinics In Sarasota Fl, Clayton Kershaw Wife Cancer, Who Wore Miami Dolphins Jersey Number 2, Articles A