France ceded Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, the Hudson Bay territory, and the island of St. Kitts to Britain and promised to demolish the fortifications at Dunkirk, which had been used as a base for attacks on English and Dutch shipping. I. This paper assesses what this inclusion signified to the treaty negotiators at Utrecht and what the balance of power meant to them both as a political principle and for its legal implications. ~during 30 yrs War Ferdinand Ii gains Bohemia - Brandenburg-Prussia most powerful Northern German state England stabilized under constitutionalism after the Glorious Revolution, and France stabilized under the absolutist control of Louis XIV, allowing these nations to emerge as world leaders. answer choices Treaty of Utretcht Treaty of Nystad ~ Peace of Utrecht-Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria . The peace between Spain and the Dutch was delayed until June 26, 1714, and that between Spain and Portugal until the Treaty of Madrid (February 1715). An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought Seven Years' War - Act of Uniformity revises version of Book of Common Prayer w/ 39 Articles form the original 42 -- effects of his reign: he tried to make France more powerful. stadholder. -April 1640: Charles forced to call Parliament (needs $ fight Scots) * Late 1600s Kings had less opposition to centralization, The Hohenzollern's were hereditary rulers of Brandenburg and Prussia he centralized the Fr. The Holy Roman emperor Charles VI, in what is considered the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, concluded peace with France in the Treaties of Rastatt and Baden (March 6, 1714 and Sept. 7, 1714; see Rastatt and Baden, Treaties of). (1555) Treaty in which Charles V allowed regional Princes to dictate the religion of their lands. -acquired 12 towns J. Puritans in England; Huguenots in France; Presbyterians in Scotland. - Philip concerned with enjoying life [39], The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power. C. secularism --> application of scientific theories to religion and society. Treaty of Westphalia (1648). - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria History Notes - 12/5/05 * Section 30: "Western Europe After Utrecht (1713-1740)" * The Peace of Utrecht - Ended the War of the Spanish Succession - Ended Louis XIV ambitions for a Universal Monarchy * England and France - Major Powers now - Spain all but eliminated * Preserved the European State System * Phillip V - King of Spain - result of Treaty of Utrecht - Spain had been partitioned . Petition of Right. ~14 levels, at 8th you were a noble (based on merit), Educational Reform and Manners: - Each State appointed a Stadholder as executive (House of Orange) The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. It was ended by the Treaty of Utrecht. Find the equation of the line that is tangent to the graph of the given function at the point (c,f(c))(c, f(c))(c,f(c)) for the specified value of x=cx=cx=c. War between French, Swedish, Spanish soldiers who loot Germany ~fourth largest army by 1740 A. rationalism --> logical reasoning based on facts. A. Columbus and the first conquistadores. -left possessions to Philip of Anjou (grandson of Louis) In South America, Spain returned Colnia do Sacramento in modern Uruguay to Portugal and recognised Portuguese sovereignty over the lands between the Amazon and Oyapock rivers, now in Brazil. Church control. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the map of Europe had been irrevocably changed. In the treaty with Savoy, France recognized Victor Amadeus II, duke of Savoy, as king of Sicily and that he should rule Sicily and Nice. Updates? E. the middle class wished to run their religious affairs as they handled their new businesses. This system allowed for a great degree of freedom and democracy, and it contributed to the country's prosperity and cultural flourishing. -Ferdinand III centralizes German speaking provinces (Austria, Styria, Tyrol) Drescher: JANCAST (p. 451): "Jewish mercantile influence in the politics of the Atlantic slave trade probably reached its peak in the opening years of the eighteenth century the political and the economic prospects of Dutch Sephardic [Jewish] capitalists rapidly faded, however, when the British emerged with the asiento [permission to sell slaves in Spanish possessions] at the Peace of Utrecht in 1713". The idea was reflected in the wording of the treaties and resurfaced after the defeat of Napoleon in the 1815 Concert of Europe that dominated Europe in the 19th century. Ask an Expert. [22] The French portion of Saint Kitts in the West Indies was also ceded in its entirety to Britain. aristocracy. The Dutch Republic defied the pattern of absolutist, centralized control that dominated other European nations during the 17th century. The Dutch had the largest fleet in the world with 10,000 ships, and they replaced the Italians as the premier bankers of Europe, with the Amsterdam Public Bank attracting foreign merchants who could use bills of exchange as currency. [10], Great Britain was the main beneficiary; Utrecht marked the point at which it became the primary European commercial power. I. -At St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: Elizabeth sole protector of Protestants The opponents of the treaty tried to rally support under the slogan of No Peace Without Spain. g . Centuries - Major Events. - cut into Portuguese trading in East Asia - city saved by foreign aid (Polish+Russians) F. Great Peasant Revolt of 1520. Causes of the Reformation: Peace of Cateau-Cambresis. -- War of Devolution. f(x)=x(x1);x=4f(x)=x(\sqrt{x}-1) ; x=4 I. At this time, neither European power saw North America as a place worth devoting significant military resources. ~opportunities for non-nobles to join nobility ranks he taxed the peasants, not the nobility. -Son succeeds Oliver but resigns in failure in 1659 a parliament dominated by landowners and nobles of similar interests. Ap Euro Midterm. Religious Wars of the late 16c & Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) -- Pragmatic Sanctions (Maria Theresa). Britain received the largest portion of colonial and commercial spoils and took the leading position in world trade. Wars against England and France drained the Dutch economy, and the Dutch West India Company failed to take control of Brazil from Portugal. I. a Vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit. The main treaties of peace followed on 11 April 1713. 2. Ap euro 37 - lecture notes; Ap euro 38 - lecture notes; . -Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite system: -Roundheads ally w/ Scots, led by Oliver Cromwell -> New Model Army, -Parliament purges more moderate members leaving radical Puritans -> PRIDE'S PURGE => RUMP PARLIAMENT ~ Peace of Utrecht The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a European conflict triggered by the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain, Charles II, in 1700. That same day, Spain, Great Britain, France and the Empire agreed to the evacuation of Catalonia and an armistice in Italy. Motives for alliances ii. -Estonia, much of present day Latvia ceded to Russia Though the king of France ensured the Spanish crown for his dynasty, the treaties marked the end of French ambitions of hegemony in Europe expressed in the continuous wars of Louis XIV, and paved the way to the European system based on the balance of power. ~ nobility too concerned w/ rights/privilege/ status Established Prussia as a major military power / counter-balance to the Austrian Empire in Central Europe Initiated a long period of peace in central Europe (drained of resources) Partitioning of Poland Autonomous power of the Polish nobility remained intact and the Polish Diet proved to be an ineffective lawmaking body 1713, ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. B. Charles I (1625-1649) -opposed by England, Spain, Unitecd provinces, Holy Roman Emperor, Sweden and the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Palatinate Some of the most notable effects of this period include: Economic prosperity: The Dutch Golden Age was a time of great economic prosperity for the Netherlands. VIII. The country's strategic location and strong navy allowed it to establish a lucrative trade network that stretched across Europe and beyond. Spanish Succession War translation English dictionary definition of Spanish. Work Ethic") You join either have text and image or an umbrella option but always both. In the second half of the 17th century, England emerged as the dominant commercial power, and the Dutch Republic gradually declined. A. Hapsburgs vs. Hohenzollerns militarily. Chapter Outline 4.17 TheGrand Monarque and the Balance of Power a. -- English Bill of Rights (1668-1689) --> it settled all of the major issues between the kings and The treaty was preceded by the asiento agreement, by which Spain gave to Britain the exclusive right to supply the Spanish colonies with African slaves for the next 30 years. -- vigorous foreign policy ( see 5-page sheets on Commercial & Dynastic Wars **) V. Lutheranism: Huguenots right to worship in selected areas/ fortified towns Some of the most notable figures of this period include mathematician and philosopher Ren. Colombian Exchange: import/ export of plants, animals, disease between NW and Europe Enlightenment thinkers felt that change and reason were both possible and desireable for the Black Death --> economic and social upheaval. Peace of Westphalia Signed in 1648; deadliest war in Europe; re establishes peace of Augsburg; puts end to religious warfare for the most part; creates power of diplomacy, doesn't let anyone get too powerful Absolutism Total power of a monarch with no governing body, set of laws, to answer to (Conservatism) Versailles 8-9 Points Thesis must include reference to at least three factors (a factor can be an event, like the posting of the 95 Theses or the Thirty Years' War). G. tolerance --> a greater acceptance of different societies and cultures. - August 1640: Scots defeat English army Charles owes Scots $$ In the 17th century, the Dutch Republic was the leading commercial power in Europe, with Amsterdam serving as Europes financial center. 5 Major Powers: The Peace of Utrecht ended this war . Brought religious peace to HRE. - consultative bodies disappear (local noble parliaments) -- strengthened the army. - Catholic HRE, Lutherans, Calvinists The whigs opposed peace every step of the way. https://www.britannica.com/topic/treaties-of-Utrecht, Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage - The Treaty of Utrecht. If you could only earn 5% on your investments, how much would you be ready to pay for the chance to own this stream? - Turks advance into Austria to control the Mediterranean -- religious toleration, but leaned toward the Catholics. Don John and Alexander Farnese of Parma , the Regent Margaret 's son revived Spanish power in the southern provinces , where fear of Calvinism had moved to break the Union of Brussels . Spanish territories in Italy and Flanders were divided, with Savoy receiving Sicily and parts of the Duchy of Milan. ~ divided into 17 provinces and ruled themselves Guise assassinated by Royal Guard in December 1588 -gained no additional land, but kept Strasbourg and part of Alsace \hline 1 & \$ 800 \\ [12], In a major coup for the British delegation, the British government emerged from the treaty with the Asiento de Negros, which referred to the monopoly contract granted by the Spanish government to other European nations to supply slaves to Spain's colonies in the Americas. [33] While the war left all participants with unprecedented levels of government debt, only Great Britain successfully financed it. [5] Reluctantly the United Provinces accepted the preliminaries and sent representatives, but Emperor Charles VI refused to do so until he was assured that the preliminaries were not binding. -- government and administration: -fears of Charles II was a Catholic sympathizer (relations were Catholic, alliance w/ France secretly), Fear of Catholicism intensify The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by the truce between France and Savoy on 14 March 1714. France was terribly beaten in these conflicts, and . ~ people tied to the King, opposed by Dutch, English and Sweden -- the right of the citizen to rebel against a government that violated these basic human rights. B. Louis XIII (1616-1643) under Calvinism: The Triple Alliance was a treaty between the Dutch Republic, France and Great Britain, against Spain, attempting to maintain the agreement of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. B. He also believed that rulers should rule without anyone's consent. - "Council of Blood" tribunal set up to execute leaders III. -- Peter the Great --> "Westernization of Russia". Peace between the emperor and Spain was not concluded until the Treaty of The Hague (February 1720). Huguenots could hold public offices, Absolutism: sovereignty (ultimate power) rests in the king who rules by divine right [21], In North America, France recognised British suzerainty over the Iroquois, and ceded Nova Scotia and its claims to Newfoundland and territories in Rupert's Land. The Enlightenment had its origins in the scientific and intellectual revolutions of the 17c. -Giant gap between privileged + unprivileged. C. Civil war (1642-1649): Roundheads versus Cavaliers -Northern lands form Union of Utrecht to declare independence from Spain, North lands of Netherlands unite to declare independence from Spain -- Prime Minister (Robert Walpole, first P. M.), Unfamiliar w/ English customs and tradition: The treaty followed the Treaty of Utrecht of 11 April 1713, which had ended hostilities between France and Spain, on the one hand, and Great Britain and the Dutch Republic, on the other. -- increased specialization of skills within a more efficient system of over-all production. AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 5 Analyze the factors that prevented the development of a unified German state in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The concept of balance of power replaced religion as the center of military and diplomatic objectives. [citation needed], The pro-French Electorate of Bavaria was knocked out of the war early on by the Battle of Blenheim (13 August 1704), forcing it to sign the Treaty of Ilbesheim (7 November 1704) and accept Austrian occupation until the end of the war. -Based on trade w/ Americas + silver mines when region moving towards independence (needing materials Spain didn't have) Perspective: Wars end recognition of minority religious rights, guarantee of traditional boundaries of political sovereignty. The treaties were concluded between the representatives of Louis XIV of France and of his grandson Philip on one hand, and representatives of Queen Anne of Great Britain, King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, King John V of Portugal and the United Provinces of the Netherlands on the other. Price Revolution: importation into Europe of huge quantities of gold/silver cause price revolution = inflation [citation needed], On 2 January 1710, king Louis XIV of France agreed to commence peace negotiations in Geertruidenberg[es]. I. ~ revenue tripled, army grew 10x -- economic and financial policies LUTHER --> condemned corruption in the Church; believed priests should practice what they preached. The French negotiator Melchior de Polignac taunted the Dutch with the scathing remark de vous, chez vous, sans vous,[28] meaning that negotiations would be held "about you, around you, without you". ~ Upholds Balance of Powers 1600s-Dutch East India Company (banking+ shipping Too much leisure time leads to sin. . ~1559: Appoints half-sister as Regent-> Inquisition+ raise taxes Peace of Westphalia. Performances of Peace - 2015-10 "Performances of Peace: Utrecht 1713" aims to rethink the significance of the Peace of Utrecht (1713) by exploring the nexus between culture and politics. ~Ferdinand seeks Albrecht of Wallenstien -> brings force to Denmark The Major Themes of the Era: -gov't imposed Serf Labor forces The Westphalia Peace Conference just was a beginning in a row that led to the Congress of Vi-enna, another main event of international relations. -- Habeas Corpus Act (1679). - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria -Seeks illegal sources of revenue Due Monday April 20: Create timeline like last time ( below) - one overall course - other Early Politics - you can draw and send pictures, PowerPoint, or Google Slides: email to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com. -Habsburg possessions not to be divided and passed onto single heir succession: 1740-17-48, causes: challenge. -- War of the Spanish Succession. League of Augsburg/War of the League of Augsburg, Anti-French alliance between England, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Austria. The Asiento de Negros had come about due to the fact that the Spanish Empire rarely engaged in the transatlantic slave trade itself, preferring to outsource this to foreign merchants. -- "Men are to be changed by religion, not change it!." Nw-> Euro: tomatoes ,potatoes, corn, chocolate, Syphilis (increased population w/ nutrition) ~ defender of Anglican Church, Distrusted Puritans (Calvinists) D. Printing press in Germany spread Luther's ideas. The greatest good for the greatest number. - infused military values to whole society Basic and lasting changes in education and the image and role of women. Philip V -confiscated land of Protestants and gave to Catholic nobles and foreign aristocrats (build loyal base) -Moves are made to restore monarchy by nobles w/ Charles II, Restore English monarchy under Charles II Test: AP European History. ~ creates standing army for internal opposition, Austria forced to turn East + Face Ottoman Threat The war was very expensive and bloody and finally stalemated. [19] This was because Dunkirk was the primary base for French privateers, as it was possible to reach the North Sea in a single tide and escape British patrols in the English Channel. The Peace of Utrecht will be marked with events throughout Europe, but not so here. -Duke of Alba marched army into Netherlands to threaten English invasion ~ bulk of taxes fell onto towns, MONEY=> make army => make bureaucracy => Don't need nobility => consolidate power on own Bohemian Throne to Hapsburg Ferdinand -> restore faith to Hapsburg lands ~ Franche-Comte, caused formation of the League of Augsburg 1555, ended religious civil war between roman catholic and lutherans in germany, each german prince power to choice religion of state, failed to provide recognition for calvinsts or other religious groups, 1545-1563, reform catholic church discipline and reaffirm church doctrine, preserved papacy as center of christianity, confirm all 7 sacraments, reaffirm latin as language of worship, forbade clerical marriage, 1598 issued by henry 4 of france, granted religious tolerance to french protestants, marked first formal recognition by a european nation monarchy that 2 religions could coexist in same country, revoked by louis 14 1685, 1648 thirty years war, recognized calvinism as a legal faith, recognize independence of 300 german states, german political state still fragile, sweden additionall territory confirm status as major power, acknowledge indpendence of united provinces of netherlands, 1713 ended louis 14 effort to dominate europe, philip 5 king of spain, spain and france cant have same monarch, spanish nethlerands to austria along with milan naples and sicily, 1713 guaranteed succession of habsburg emperor charles 6 daughter maria theresa to throne, habsburg lands individsable, violated when fredrick great invade silesia in 1740, 1815 enacted a settlement that was acceptable to both the victors and to france, create a balance of power that lasted until unification of germany in 1871, underestimated force of liberalism and nationalism, used principle of legit to restore bourbons to throne in france, unite belguim with netherlands, create lose confedeation of 39 german states dominated by austria, establish rules for dividing africa amongst the european powers, a european state could no longer simply declare a region of africa its colony. Smallpox infects natives and kills off almost 40%. C. capitalism --> private ownership of the means of production and distribution; capital is invested in The previous conferences were: in Nijmegen (1678-1679), in Rijswijk (1697), in Utrecht (1713), in Vienna (1738), in Aachen (1748), and Paris Great Britain signed a like treaty with Spain (9 December 1713). -Failed to distinguish between important/ trivial matters French-style ministries replaced the system of government. from authoritative truth to factual truth. III. [citation needed], For the individual signatories, Britain established naval superiority over its competitors, commercial access to Spain and America, and control of Menorca and Gibraltar; it retains the latter territory to this day. In this system, diplomacy became a major component of the relations among states. -France concedes property in New World to England B. [6], With Great Britain, France and Spain having agreed to a "suspension of arms" (armistice) covering Spain on 19 August in Paris, the pace of negotiation quickened. -- Bibles were made accessible to the populous in the vernacular. AP Euro > Unit 3 3.6 Balance of Power 5 min read january 21, 2023 Jillian Holbrook Catherine Brown After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, a new competitive state system developed, heralding new patterns of warfare and diplomacy. Some of the most famous Dutch painters of this period include, The Dutch Golden Age was also marked by a number of scientific and intellectual achievements. The first treaty, signed between France and Austria in the city of Rastatt, followed the earlier Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, which ended hostilities between France and Spain on the one hand, and Britain and the Dutch Republic on the other hand. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. ~War caused much Hardship and misery in France (Finances) AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2018 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 Document-Based Question Maximum Possible Points: 7 "Evaluate whether the Thirty Years' War was fought primarily for religious or primarily for political reasons." Points Rubric Notes A: Thesis/Claim (0-1) Thesis/claim: Responds to the prompt with a historically - restricted freedom of no-Puritans, enforced public morality -Southern lands remain Catholic + Spanish Control -- he launched bold new foreign policy ventures chalenging the Dutch for the commercial - Nobility exempted from taxes, *Major Sign of Fallen Status: Taking loans from Portugal, ended with: J. ~alliance w/ Electors of Brandenburg+ Saxony = Victory and reversed war, and brought new mobility to change tactics, ~ Battle of Lutzen: Adolphus dies, Deep religious motivation, greed and political gain real forces in War. Their decline as powerful European states paved the way for new absolutist states to rise up in their place. The Whigs even called the treaty a sellout for letting the duke of Anjou stay on the Spanish throne. -Calvinists gain legal recognition, independence of Swiss Confederacy, and United Provinces of Netherlands, are a long recognized proclaimed in law Enlightenment philosophes provided a major source of ideas that could be used to undermine - November 1640: Parliament called back LONG PARLIAMENT king opponents dominated Parliament and pass laws to curtail king The Whigs considered themselves the heirs of the staunch anti-French policies of William III and the Duke of Marlborough. AP Euro Review Timeline Centuries - Major Events. Married clergy. The British government sought to reduce its debt by increasing the volume of trade it had with Spain, which required gaining access to the Asiento de Negros; as historian G.M. On Aug. 13, 1713, the Spanish treaty with Savoy was concluded, ceding the former Spanish possession of Sicily to Victor Amadeus II as his share of the spoils of war. -Desired Spain to be a major power (economy dependent on imports of gold, silver+ goods) -> set off inflation (1648) Treaty that ended the 30 years' war: (1566-1587) revolt in response to Philip II's absentee rule, republic formed after the Revolt of the Netherlands, (1588) huge fleet sent by Philip II in an attempt to conquer Protestant England, (1667-1668) Louis XIV's invasion of the United Provinces, (1672-1678) Louis XIV's war against William of Orange; ended with treaty of Nijmegen, (1688-1697) war in which Louis XIV fought against the Grand Alliance of all major European powers, (1701-1713) war over the successor of Charles II "the sufferer"; Charles had selected Philip V Bourbon, his grand-nephew and Louis XIV's grandson to succeed him, going against a previous agreement that he would be succeeded by an Austrian; an alliance of European powers with troops led by Eugene, Prince of Savoy, and John Churchill fought against French and Spanish troops; the war ended with the Peace of Utrecht, (1713) Treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession: -French Nobility and Protestant groups take advantage August 1589, Henry III assassinated by crazy monk Spains treaty with Britain (July 13) gave Gibraltar and Minorca to Britain. -weakened traditional parliamentary liberties ~Edict of Restitution: In 1566, the Netherlands revolted against Spanish rule, officially becoming the independent Dutch Republic in 1648. -Seen as sympathetic to Catholics (alliance w/ Spain), Puritans: seek to purify Anglican Church from Pope+ Bishops, -Parliament passes Petition of Right (1628) to control King Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain, Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain, Balance of power (international relations), Articles preliminaires accordez & promis per le Roi T.C. C. Only true authority is the Bible. The Netherlands was home to a number of important scientists and philosophers, and the country was at the forefront of the scientific revolution that took place during this period. An ancillary treaty named the Peace and Friendship Treaty of. Dec 1, 1453. . -- he denounced the Pope for involvement in politics as well as religion. PAX for peace mrt. ~Guise Family (fund by Jesuits) = Ultra-Catholic, destroy protestants, replace monarch A. Salvation by faith alone. E. new trade restrictions (ex. In the treaty with Prussia, France acknowledged Frederick Is royal title (claimed in 1701) and recognized his claim to Neuchtel (in present Switzerland) and southeast Gelderland. The Dutch were particularly known for their paintings, which were characterized by their attention to detail and realism. War of the Spanish Succession . a commercial rival of Britain. C. increase in world trade. B. John Locke AP Euro Unit 5 Study Guide: 18 AP Euro Unit 5 Study Guide Absolutism, Nation-States, and Commercial Revolution b. -Prussia became militaristic society "Sparta of the North", Set up: Netherlands were bankers, traders, manufactures Use x as the variable. -- "Babylonian Captivity" -> New Laws didn't improve lives by much, introduces African Slaves to labor force, Arrives w/ small pox already there.

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